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The Axiom of Causality is the proposition that everything in the universe has a cause and is thus an effect of that cause. This means that if a given event occurs, then this is the result of a previous, related event. If an object is in a certain state, then it is in that state as a result of another object interacting with it previously. According to William Whewell the concept of causality depends on three axioms: # Nothing takes place without a cause # The magnitude of an effect is proportional to the magnitude of its cause # To every action there is an equal and opposed reaction. A similar idea is found in western philosophy for ages (sometimes called Principle of Universal Causation (PUC) or Law of Universal Causation), for example: Modern version of PUC is connected with Newtonian physics, but is also criticized for instance by David Hume.〔James Baillie, "Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Hume on Morality"〕 Since then his view on the concept of causality is often predominating (see Causality, After the Middle Ages). Kant opposed Hume in many aspects, defending the objectivity of universal causation〔Nazif Muhtaroglu, (2011), (Kant on Causality: A Critical Approach )〕 (see: Causal thinking). Example for the axiom: if a baseball is moving through the air, it must be moving this way because of a previous interaction with another object, such as being hit by a baseball bat. An epistemological axiom is a self-evident truth. Thus the "Axiom of Causality" implicitly claims to be a universal rule that is so obvious that it does not need to be proved to be accepted. Even among epistemologists, the existence of such a rule is controversial. See the full article on Epistemology. ==Spontaneity== One implication of the Axiom is that if a phenomenon appears to occur without any observable external cause, the cause must be internal. See Compatibilism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Axiom of Causality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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